A hydraulic breaker, commonly used in construction, mining, and demolition, operates by converting hydraulic energy into mechanical impact force, enabling it to break through hard materials like rock and concrete. The working principle of a hydraulic breaker can be summarized in the following steps:
1. Hydraulic Pump Provides Pressure
The hydraulic system's core component is the hydraulic pump, which derives power from an excavator or other primary machine. The pump pressurizes hydraulic oil and sends it to the breaker, providing the necessary power for the breaking process.
2. Hydraulic Oil Drives the Piston
High-pressure hydraulic oil enters the breaker’s main cylinder, driving the internal piston downward. The speed and force of the piston movement depend on the pressure and flow rate of the hydraulic oil.
3. Piston Generates Impact Force
As the piston moves downward, it strikes the impact head (chisel or hammer) at high speed, generating a powerful impact force. This force is transferred through the chisel to the material being broken, such as rock or concrete, causing it to fracture.
4. Hydraulic Oil Returns
After the piston completes the impact, the hydraulic oil flows back to the reservoir, and the piston returns to its initial position, ready for the next impact. This process repeats cyclically, producing continuous impact force.
5. Chisel Breaks the Target Material
The chisel, under the force of the repeated impacts, directly contacts and strikes the target material, such as rock or concrete. The repeated high-intensity impacts gradually break the material into smaller pieces.
6. Energy Control and Adjustment
The breaker typically includes an energy control valve, allowing the operator to adjust the flow and pressure of the hydraulic oil. This controls the size and frequency of the impact force, making it adaptable to different material hardness and working conditions.
Key Components
- Hydraulic Pump: Provides high-pressure hydraulic oil.
- Piston: Driven by hydraulic oil, generates impact force.
- Chisel: Directly contacts the target material and transfers the impact force.
- Control Valve: Adjusts the flow and pressure.
The advantages of hydraulic breaker are its strong impact force and high efficiency, suitable for crushing operations on hard materials.
